Content Delivery Network (CDN)
Content distribution network (CDN) is a large distributed system of servers which are deployed in multiple data centers across the Internet. CDNs serve a large fraction of the Internet content today. This include Web objects like text, graphics and scripts, or downloadable objects such as media files, software, documents, or applications like e-commerce, portals, live streaming media, on-demand streaming media, and social networks. The goal of a CDN is to serve content to end users with high availability and high performance. CDNs also offload the traffic served directly from the content provider’s origin infrastructure, resulting in cost savings for the content provider, besides its better performance and availability.
Most important security issue is that CDNs provide the content provider a degree of protection from Denial of Service (DoS) attacks by using their large distributed server infrastructure to absorb the attack traffic. The most famous example today of using the CDN is that the need for some library to build a traditional website. For example, better performance can be achieved when loading a jquery.js library from a CDN, such as the one provided by Google. CDN provides high bandwidth and high performance content delivery.
An increasing number of Internet network owners have built their own CDNs to improve on net content delivery, reduce demand on their own telecommunications infrastructure, and to generate revenues from content customers. Most CDNs are operated as an Application Service Provider (ASP) on the Internet which also known as on-demand software or software as a service. Some larger software companies such as Microsoft build their own CDNs in tandem to their own products. Examples include Windows Azure CDN and Amazon CloudFront, there are many benefits for using CDN, such as:
- Fast using a network of edge locations around the world.
- Simple, a single API calls lets user get started distributing content from CDN to any other applications.
- CDN is designed for use with other custom Web services.
- Cost effective, through scaling user requirement, user pay only for the content delivered through the network.
- Elastic, users don’t need to worry about maintaining expensive Web server capacity to meet the demand from potential traffic spikes for their content.
- Reliable, CDN is built using highly reliable infrastructure, the distributed nature of edge locations used by CDN automatically routes end users to the closest available location as required by network conditions. CDN constantly monitors and optimizes for both availability and performance.
- Global CDN uses a global network of edge locations, located near your end users in the United States, Europe, Asia, and South America.
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Web 2.0, Mobile and Cloud Computing Model
The concept of cloud computing and Web 2.0 now becomes a most popular expressions. There are many common points in cloud computing and Web 2.0 in which one of them is considered as a subset of the other. The definitions of cloud computing and Web 2.0 is sound a lot like, but without the technological underpinnings, Web 2.0 is defined by how the user sees the service by the system. Whereas cloud computing is defined by its architecture and infrastructure of interconnected computers or servers functioning as a whole [30]. Godfather of Web 2.0 Tim O’Reilly defines it as, the network as platform, spanning all connected devices. Web 2.0 is an attempt to explore and explain the business rules of that platform. Web 2.0 also could be as a transition from isolated information silos Web 1.0.
May be cloud computing is a specific Web 2.0 technology, cloud computing and Web 2.0 use the same phenomenon, but they are looking different. Both terms birth at the same time and their evolution run very fast in the same timeline, both concepts promise similar results to end users. The user acutally doesn’t matter what to see. For example, if the user work on word documents, it doesn’t matter wether to use a Microsoft Live Mesh as a cloud service or Google Docs. What the user is concerned is about working on his document and the tools to use. Both cloud computing and Web 2.0 offers to their users the real benefits for all involved.
Finally, the conclusion is that cloud computing is about computers, whereas Web 2.0 is about people. Cloud computing is gaining acceptance as an efficient and cost effective architecture to deploy many types of online systems. Thus, mobile cloud computing has become the most important part of the current technology.
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Cloud Computing Virtualization
Virtualization and cloud computing are dovetailed. Virtualization is a technique in which a complete installation of one machine is run on another. The result is a system in which all software running on the server is within a virtual machine. Virtualization could be one-to-many or many-to-one. One-to-many enables the users to create many virtualized resources from one physical resource. This approach maximizes the resources utilization. Virtual resources hosting individual applications are mapped to physical resources to provide more efficient server utilization.
Many-to-one virtualization enables the creation of virtual or logical resources from multiple physical resources. This is the core context of cloud computing in which multiple physical resources are grouped together to form one cloud. Virtualization refers to OS virtualization as administrators can implement it by VMware, Xen, or other hypervisor-based technologies. Virtualization is not cloud, rather an enabler for establishing and managing clouds. In the Cisco cloud concept, virtualization is extended to incorporate various types of virtualization, such as network, computer, storage, and services. Generally, there are five varieties of cloud services and four types of deployment approaches, Figure 1.1 illustrates these concepts.
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Benefits of Using Cloud Computing
After presenting the cloud computing advantages and disadvantages, it is time to explain more about the cloud computing benefits. There is a difference between advantages and benefits. An advantage is a feature that surpasses the competition, but a benefit is how that feature impacts the users. One of the most key benefits of using cloud computing is that there are several different ways to deploy the cloud infrastructure. Cloud computing is not a one size that fits all affair, for example, the users may have a massive needs to deploy a larger number of servers, or run in house server’s type. Alternatively the users may only need a sip of processing power and consequently are not willing to buy and run a dedicated server. The cloud fits all these needs and there are some factors that control users when thinking about the using cloud, such as:
- Cost/benefit ratio.
- Speed of delivery.
- How much capacity the user will use.
- Whether the data is regulated.
- The organization’s corporate and IT structure.
Cloud computing benefits
- Scalability: The most important characteristic of using cloud computing is the scalability, which allows the user to scale up/down the computing power at any time. If a high demand to use a huge upswing in computing or there is a need for sudden demand on hardware resources, then use rather than buy,
- Simplicity: cloud gives the users an alternative of buying or configuring the hardware or software, so it makes it very simply because the user’s needs from the hardware or the applications will started immediately after requesting it and the cost will be a fraction depend on what their needs,
- Knowledgeable Vendors: The IT world move very fast and every day there a new technology that becomes popular. If the user hosts the application in house, there must be an investment in every update and this will cost much money and efforts. Using the cloud will relief the users from this task while reducing the cost,
- More Internal Resources: Using cloud free IT departments to work on important business related tasks while the service provider will be responsible for critical missions. There is no need to employee more manpower and train them to deal with these low level tasks. Network outages is a nightmare for the IT staff, and
- Security: one of the most important issues in any network is the security and there are many plenty of security risks when using a cloud from service providers, but reputable providers strive to keep their users safe and secure.
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Mobile Limitation and Mobile Web Sites Challenges
The widespread deployment of Web enabled mobile devices made them a target of choice for content creators. Understanding their strengths and their limitations, and using technologies that fit these conditions are keys to create success mobile friendly Web content . The reasons for that include the challenges posed by network costs & delays, memory & Central Processing Unit (CPU) limitations, and keyboard & pointing devices differences. As importantly, mobile devices feature a growing set of advantages with their personal, always available nature, and the increasingly context-aware capabilities.
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) is now the most mature technology of using wireless for Internet access. Energy limitations of mobile devices are still an issue and to deal with this limitation, the wireless standard 802.11 includes a Power Saving Mode (PSM), but not much attention has been devoted by the research community to understand the performance in depth. PSM is able to save up to 90% of the energy spent when no energy management is used, however PSM is not the optimal solution for energy management. The objective of the 802.11 PSM is to let the wireless interface of a mobile host in the active mode only for the time necessary to exchange data, and turn it off in sleep mode whenever it becomes idle. In a Wi-Fi hotspot, this is achieved by exploiting the central role of the access point. Each mobile host within the hotspot lets the access point know whether it utilizes the PSM or not. Since the access point relays every frame from/to any mobile host, it buffers frames addressed to mobile hosts using the PSM every beacon interval, usually 100 ms, the access point broadcasts a special frame named beacon.
The mobile Web is still evolving and this is an exciting time of early development, but there are still some hurdles that need to be overcome. As seen familiar brands such as Facebook and MySpace porting their presences to the mobile domain, users will see a wider adoption of this channel by the mainstream. When creating content for mobile devices, the designers are usually confronted with numerous development standards and technologies to choose from. In addition, hundreds of different mobile devices with varying functional capabilities, screen resolutions, and sizes are under consideration as well as more than 40 distinct mobile browsers. This lack of uniformity renders testing mobile websites and applications for universal compatibility a near impossibility. Mobile Web developers also brave the high expectations of mobile Web users who anticipate the same caliber experience on their handsets that they enjoy on the desktop Web.
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The Web on the Move, Designing a Website for Mobile Users
The history of the web and web browser dates back to late 1980s, when a variety of technologies laid the foundation for the first web browser, World Wide Web was founded by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991. That was the starting of a new era the web and web browser brought together a variety of existing and new software and hardware technologies, at the first days browsing the web was text-based user interfaces when the graphic user interface (GUI) become more popular web browsers also move to GUI but all development of them was tend to the desktop users.
When technology grow fast and mobile devices became an important part from our daily life activities, and the need for access web from a mobile increases more and more, here we discover the problem that is the web was not developed for such devices, but there was many trials and contributions to enhance the access from such device, in this thesis we try to add a new contribution through providing some new techniques that try to solve such problem.
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and mobile industry leaders are working together to developing best practices for creating mobile-friendly content and applications, enabling easy access to device descriptions, setting up test suites for increased interoperability of mobile browsers, and exploring ways to use the Web on mobile devices they try also to improve Web content production and access for mobile users and the greater web, The goal is that making Web site access from a mobile device as simple as Web site access from a desktop device, and this is what we called it the web on the move.
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What is the Mobile Web Mean?
Mobile Web refers to browser based web services such as the World Wide Web (www) by using WAP for mobile device such as a cell phone, PDA, or other portable connected device to a public network. Such access does not require a desktop computer or a fixed landline connection. The total number of mobile web users grew past the total number of PC based internet users for the first time in 2009 any web site accessed from a mobile device is mobile web, In 25 November, 2008 European communications write an article with title Mobile internet growth eight times greater than PC-based internet growth, says new analysis, this also tell us that the number of mobile web users become bigger than pc based users.
Mobile Web access today still suffers from interoperability and usability problems. This is partly due to the incompatibility of the format of much of the information available on the Internet with mobile devices and partly due to the small physical size of the screens of mobile devices and other device limitations.
Mobile web access was commercially offered in Finland in 1996 on the Nokia Communicator 9000 phone on the Sonera and Radiolinja networks, this was the first access to the real internet. The first commercial launch of a mobile-specific browser based mobile web service was in 1999 in Japan when i-Mode was launched by NTT DoCoMo.
Now day mobile Web primarily utilizes lightweight pages written in Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) or Wireless Markup Language (WML) to deliver content to mobile devices. Many new mobile browsers are moving beyond these limitations by supporting a wider range of Web formats, including variants of HyperText Markup Language (HTML) commonly found on the desktop Web.
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