Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing is the latest paradigm that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet. Everyone linked with the cloud industry has his own definition. Users of cloud computing can access applications and documents from anywhere in the world the same way as with desktop computers and making it easier for group members in different locations to collaborate. In cloud computing, everything is hosted in the cloud network which is a collection of computers and servers accessed via the Internet. The history of cloud computing is coming from the electricity revolution, a century ago. Before the advent of electrical utilities, every farm and business produced its own electricity from freestanding generators. After the electrical grid was created, farms and businesses shut down their generators and bought electricity from the utilities at a much lower price and with much greater reliability than producing it. Universal access and 24/7 reliability are guaranteed while ubiquitous collaboration is.
Now cloud industry is currently in the early days of the cloud computing revolution. As Sun Microsystems’s slogan is “The network is the computer”, and that’s as good as any to describe how cloud computing works. In essence, a network of computers functions as a single computer to serve data and applications to users over the Internet. The network exists in the cloud of IP addresses that is known as the Internet, offers massive computing power and storage capability, and enables wide scale group collaboration. The definition of the cloud is it is a large group of interconnected computers. These computers can be personal computers or network servers and can be public or private.
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Content Delivery Network (CDN)
Content distribution network (CDN) is a large distributed system of servers which are deployed in multiple data centers across the Internet. CDNs serve a large fraction of the Internet content today. This include Web objects like text, graphics and scripts, or downloadable objects such as media files, software, documents, or applications like e-commerce, portals, live streaming media, on-demand streaming media, and social networks. The goal of a CDN is to serve content to end users with high availability and high performance. CDNs also offload the traffic served directly from the content provider’s origin infrastructure, resulting in cost savings for the content provider, besides its better performance and availability.
Most important security issue is that CDNs provide the content provider a degree of protection from Denial of Service (DoS) attacks by using their large distributed server infrastructure to absorb the attack traffic. The most famous example today of using the CDN is that the need for some library to build a traditional website. For example, better performance can be achieved when loading a jquery.js library from a CDN, such as the one provided by Google. CDN provides high bandwidth and high performance content delivery.
An increasing number of Internet network owners have built their own CDNs to improve on net content delivery, reduce demand on their own telecommunications infrastructure, and to generate revenues from content customers. Most CDNs are operated as an Application Service Provider (ASP) on the Internet which also known as on-demand software or software as a service. Some larger software companies such as Microsoft build their own CDNs in tandem to their own products. Examples include Windows Azure CDN and Amazon CloudFront, there are many benefits for using CDN, such as:
- Fast using a network of edge locations around the world.
- Simple, a single API calls lets user get started distributing content from CDN to any other applications.
- CDN is designed for use with other custom Web services.
- Cost effective, through scaling user requirement, user pay only for the content delivered through the network.
- Elastic, users don’t need to worry about maintaining expensive Web server capacity to meet the demand from potential traffic spikes for their content.
- Reliable, CDN is built using highly reliable infrastructure, the distributed nature of edge locations used by CDN automatically routes end users to the closest available location as required by network conditions. CDN constantly monitors and optimizes for both availability and performance.
- Global CDN uses a global network of edge locations, located near your end users in the United States, Europe, Asia, and South America.
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Benefits of Using Cloud Computing
After presenting the cloud computing advantages and disadvantages, it is time to explain more about the cloud computing benefits. There is a difference between advantages and benefits. An advantage is a feature that surpasses the competition, but a benefit is how that feature impacts the users. One of the most key benefits of using cloud computing is that there are several different ways to deploy the cloud infrastructure. Cloud computing is not a one size that fits all affair, for example, the users may have a massive needs to deploy a larger number of servers, or run in house server’s type. Alternatively the users may only need a sip of processing power and consequently are not willing to buy and run a dedicated server. The cloud fits all these needs and there are some factors that control users when thinking about the using cloud, such as:
- Cost/benefit ratio.
- Speed of delivery.
- How much capacity the user will use.
- Whether the data is regulated.
- The organization’s corporate and IT structure.
Cloud computing benefits
- Scalability: The most important characteristic of using cloud computing is the scalability, which allows the user to scale up/down the computing power at any time. If a high demand to use a huge upswing in computing or there is a need for sudden demand on hardware resources, then use rather than buy,
- Simplicity: cloud gives the users an alternative of buying or configuring the hardware or software, so it makes it very simply because the user’s needs from the hardware or the applications will started immediately after requesting it and the cost will be a fraction depend on what their needs,
- Knowledgeable Vendors: The IT world move very fast and every day there a new technology that becomes popular. If the user hosts the application in house, there must be an investment in every update and this will cost much money and efforts. Using the cloud will relief the users from this task while reducing the cost,
- More Internal Resources: Using cloud free IT departments to work on important business related tasks while the service provider will be responsible for critical missions. There is no need to employee more manpower and train them to deal with these low level tasks. Network outages is a nightmare for the IT staff, and
- Security: one of the most important issues in any network is the security and there are many plenty of security risks when using a cloud from service providers, but reputable providers strive to keep their users safe and secure.
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Mobile Limitation and Mobile Web Sites Challenges
The widespread deployment of Web enabled mobile devices made them a target of choice for content creators. Understanding their strengths and their limitations, and using technologies that fit these conditions are keys to create success mobile friendly Web content . The reasons for that include the challenges posed by network costs & delays, memory & Central Processing Unit (CPU) limitations, and keyboard & pointing devices differences. As importantly, mobile devices feature a growing set of advantages with their personal, always available nature, and the increasingly context-aware capabilities.
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) is now the most mature technology of using wireless for Internet access. Energy limitations of mobile devices are still an issue and to deal with this limitation, the wireless standard 802.11 includes a Power Saving Mode (PSM), but not much attention has been devoted by the research community to understand the performance in depth. PSM is able to save up to 90% of the energy spent when no energy management is used, however PSM is not the optimal solution for energy management. The objective of the 802.11 PSM is to let the wireless interface of a mobile host in the active mode only for the time necessary to exchange data, and turn it off in sleep mode whenever it becomes idle. In a Wi-Fi hotspot, this is achieved by exploiting the central role of the access point. Each mobile host within the hotspot lets the access point know whether it utilizes the PSM or not. Since the access point relays every frame from/to any mobile host, it buffers frames addressed to mobile hosts using the PSM every beacon interval, usually 100 ms, the access point broadcasts a special frame named beacon.
The mobile Web is still evolving and this is an exciting time of early development, but there are still some hurdles that need to be overcome. As seen familiar brands such as Facebook and MySpace porting their presences to the mobile domain, users will see a wider adoption of this channel by the mainstream. When creating content for mobile devices, the designers are usually confronted with numerous development standards and technologies to choose from. In addition, hundreds of different mobile devices with varying functional capabilities, screen resolutions, and sizes are under consideration as well as more than 40 distinct mobile browsers. This lack of uniformity renders testing mobile websites and applications for universal compatibility a near impossibility. Mobile Web developers also brave the high expectations of mobile Web users who anticipate the same caliber experience on their handsets that they enjoy on the desktop Web.
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